Advance Placement European History 

 

 

 


 

Mr. Stanton                                                   E-Mail: Eugene_A._Stanton@mcpsmd.org

Room: 198                                                      Office Phone: 301-972-7900

 Website: http://www.worldjourney.net/phs

 

Course Description

Advance Placement European History is a two-semester program that follows a course of study similar to that of a college introductory course. We will emphasize an interesting and storied period in European History from 1450 to the present. In order to understand history it is important to study not only the events that occur in time, but the methodology of those events. In AP Euro, we will examine not only what happened, but also why it happened. We will look at historical continuity, along with change. Our studies will include the examination of Europe’s political and diplomatic history, intellectual and cultural history, and social and economic history. These themes will be examined from variety of viewpoints so as to give a balanced view of human thought throughout each time period. Emphasis will be placed on drawing generalizations and determining patterns in the history of Europe within and across each period studied.

 

Course Outline

·         Unit 1 – Late Middle Ages, Renaissance & The Atlantic System (15 Days)

·         Unit 2 – The Reformation & Religious Wars (15 Days)

·         Unit 3 – Absolutism & Constitutionalism (14 Days)

·         Unit 4 – Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, & Commercial Revolution (16 Days)

·         Unit 5 -  French Revolution, Napoleonic Era, & Conservative Order (13 Days)

·         Unit 6 – Industrial Revolution & New Imperialism (13 Days)

·         Unit 7 – 19C Nation-States & 19C Society (12 Days)

·         Unit 8 – World War I & Russian Revolution (9 Days)

·         Unit 9 – Between Wars & World War II (15 Days)

·         Unit 10 – Cold War, Post Cold War, & European Union (17 Days)

·         Exam Review (12 Days)

Grading Format (Per Quarter)

Type of Evaluation                                                                                          Percentage % Value

Summative Assessments (This includes mostly Unit Exams, Essays,                          50%

and DBQ's but may also include Research Papers and Research Presentations)

Formative Assessments (Quizzes, Document Analysis, Chapter Analysis,                 40%                            

Projects, Simulations, Group Projects, and Group Presentations.)                   

Homework (Graded on accuracy or quality in relation to established                                     10%

learning outcomes. This includes mostly Worksheets)                                                

 

 

 

 

 

Course Objectives

·         The course discussions and activities will foster the development of a thematic understanding of European History in the following subjects:

·         Rise and Development of Nation-States

·         Changing Demographics

·         Tension between Challenges to Authority and Conservatism

·         Impact of Intellectual and Cultural Movements

·         Economic Trends

·         Impact of technological Change

·         Relationship between domestic and foreign policies

·         Impact of Religious thought

·         Changing Gender Roles

·         Impact of “isms” on European thought and development

·         Changes in group and class identity

 

Exams & Projects

Evaluation       General Subject(s)                                                                                           Target Date

Unit 1 Exam                The Renaissance and The Atlantic System                                           Sept. 13

Unit 2 Exam                The Reformation and Religious Wars                                                  Oct. 4

Unit 3 Exam                Absolutism and Constitutionalism                                                       Oct. 25

Unit 4 Exam                Enlightenment, Scientific Rev, & Commercial Revolution                  Nov. 15

Unit 5 Exam                French Revolution, Napoleon, & Conservative Order                         Dec. 10

Unit 6 Exam                Industrial Revolution & New Imperialism                                           Jan. 7

Exam                           Semester Exams                                                                                   Jan. 16

Unit 7 Exam                19th Century Nation-States & Society                                                 Feb. 7

Unit 8 Exam                World War I & the Russian Revolution                                                           Feb. 21

Unit 9 Exam                Between Wars and World War II                                                         Mar. 14

Unit 10 Exam              Europe after World War II                                                                   Apr. 11

Test Prep                      AP Test Exam Review and Prep.                                                  Apr. 14 - May 13

Big AP Exam               AP Euro Exam (Administered by the College Board)                          May 14           

Project                         Post Exam Research Project Due                                                         May 28

Exam                           Final Exam (Those taking the AP test are exempt.)                              Jun. 10            

* Note: Dates are approximate and may be changed at the discretion of the Teacher or MCPS for a variety of reasons.

    

 

 

 

Exams & In-Class DBQ's

You can expect each unit exam to be rigorous and written on the Advance Placement level. You will be required to answer designated number of multiple choice questions and a Free Response question during the chosen period. There will be times when you will be given a Document Based Question to write in class, this could come before or after a regular exam. Exams are given to check for understanding of the text book, supplemental reading, and classroom discussions and activities. You will take a total of 11 exams, including a semester exam that is cumulative through the period studied up to that date. The semester exam will include a DBQ and have a larger number of multiple choice questions than a regular exam.

 

Homework Essays & DBQ’s

At least once during each unit, you will be given a Free Response or a DBQ (Document Based Question) to complete at home that critiques a subject of discussion. This assignment is to be at least two pages in length, but no more than four pages. It must be hand written. You will need use the writing format for AP that we will study in class.

 

Quizzes & Chapter Reading

It can be argued that your greatest tool for success in this course is the textbook. It is for this reason that you will be quizzed after each reading assignment. Quizzes will be given for each chapter and may vary in format. Each reading assignment will be one chapter in length.

 

Class Discussion

It is critical that everyone participate in class discussions and class activities in order to get a variety of viewpoints on the subjects that we will be covering. Class discussions are an integral part of this course and every student is required to respond when questioned and encouraged to give input to class discussions.

 

Group Based Projects

Occasionally you will be given an assignment to complete, as homework, during class, in the Media Center, or in one of the Computer Labs. Grades will be given individually, based on the individual contribution of each participant. For grading purposes, each person must have evidence of their participation. If you do not contribute to your group, you will receive a zero for the assignment. It is your responsibility to make sure that you have a current and active school computer password. Please note that school rules prohibit you from signing up for a password during class. If you do not have an active password now, you need to register for one before or after school with-in a week of the start of class.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cell Phones

Unless I tell you it is ok to have your cell phone out, because we will be using it as a classroom aide, you are required to turn your cell phone off and put it away! If I see your cell phone being used for any reason other than class related purposes, you will be required to put your cell phone in the teacher’s desk for the rest of the period. You will then need to see me to retrieve it when the bell rings. If you refuse to put your cell phone in the teacher’s desk, you will be sent to the office immediately where they will take your cell phone and keep it for the rest of the day. Please note that if you do not pick up your cell phone at the end of the period, once you put it in the desk, and it is lost, stolen, or damaged, it is your responsibility and the teacher and school cannot be held liable.

 

Reassessment

The opportunity for reassessment of quizzes will be offered for a maximum of two quizzes each quarter, provided the student has completed all work associated with the chapter quiz being reassessed and quiz corrections have been properly completed. Reassessments must be taken within three days of the original quiz. The reassessment grade will replace the original grade with no exceptions. Make-ups must be taken during lunch.            Please note I do not have a designated classroom, so you will need to make an appointment for reassessment. That appointment must be made at least 24hours in advance.

 

Late Work

Please note that MCPS guidelines state that late work received prior to the deadline will receive a 10% deduction in grade. In accordance to MCPS policy, late work submitted after the deadline will receive a zero grade. Extenuating circumstances, like a death in the family or a serious illness will be considered on an individual, one-time only basis, if allowed under MCPS policy. This rule will be strictly adhered to, so these circumstances must be exceptional and allowable under the MCPS policy. Please be aware that MCPS policy does not allow teachers to give extra credit for any reason; therefore, it is important to do your work properly and to turn it in early or on time.

 

Teaching Strategies

I will use the Smart board nearly every day. Because I am assigned to a number of different classrooms, the class objectives and daily itinerary will be listed on the Smart board at the start of class every day. A number of my presentations will have images including, art, maps, political cartoons, tables, graphs, documents, and movie clips, that are designed to help you develop and/or grow your analytical interpretation skills.

 

In-class and for homework, we will read and analyze a number of primary and secondary source documents interpreting the basic meaning of the documents, and analyzing the bias and points of view of the authors. We will also use these documents for the purpose of grouping like documents into different categories and we will use the documents for the purpose of developing an explicit thesis that addresses questions relating to these documents.

 

From time to time we will review essays written by students during past AP Exams. We may also exchange essays and peer review essays written by classmates. At least three times during the course of this class, you will create a Document Based Question and a grading rubric. The purpose is to gain an understanding of an AP Readers perspective in order to help you improve your own writing.

 

 

 

 

Course Planner

This is a guideline of topics and supplementary reading that we will be evaluating during each unit. You will also have an occasional in-class DBQ or free response question to answer. Our main textbook and source book are:

 

Kagan, Donald, Steven Ozment, Frank M. Turner, and Alison Frank. The Western Heritage, Since 1300, AP Edition. 11th Edition, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson, 2014.

 

Beeler, John and Charles Clark. Sources of Western Society: From the Age of Exploration to the Present. 2nd Edition, Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011.

 

Additional documents, images, art, maps, political cartoons, tables, graphs, movie clips, etc. will come from a number of various source’s including the internet.

Unit 1: From the High Middle Ages to Renaissance and Exploration

Week 1 - 3

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • High Middle Ages – Manorialism, Feudalism, Catholicism

  • Political and Economic Changes at end of High Middle Ages

  • Defining Renaissance and its causes

  • Art, Literature, Society in Renaissance Italy

  • Politics in Renaissance Italy

  • Values of Renaissance Italy

  • Spread and Change of Renaissance Values

  • Northern Renaissance

  • Age of Exploration

  • Consequences of Exploration – Discoverers and “Discovered”

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapters 1 & 2

  • selections from  Petrarch and Dante

 

  • selected works of art (painting and sculpture) by Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, and others

  • selections from The Prince and Discourses by Niccolo Machiavelli

  • selections from Utopia by Thomas More

  • selections from the Courtier by Baldassar Castiglione

  • other selected primary sources

  • other selected historical interpretations

Major Assignments:

  • DBQ – released DBQ on Renaissance

  • Art Analysis –Students will work in cooperative groups to analyze art from the Italian and Northern Renaissance.  Students will write a critique of the selected art according to their analysis, explaining their interpretation of the meaning of the artist.

  • Reader’s Theater – Students will research assigned topics related to the role of women and minorities in the Period of Renaissance and Exploration with focus on the experience of women and slaves.  Students will interpret primary and secondary sources and incorporate primary sources into a student created and performed reader’s theater.

  • Thematic Essay – Causation and the Renaissance

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.



Unit 2: Reformation and Religious Wars

Week 4 - 6

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • Pre-Reformation challenges to Church authority

  • Origins of Protestant Reformation

  • Political and Economic impact of Early Reformation

  • Spread of Reformation

  • Political, Economic, Social Consequences of Reformation

  • Wars of Religion

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapters 3 & 4

  • selections from Jesuits

  • selections from 95 Thesis by Martin Luther

  • selections from The Freedom of a Christian by Martin Luther

  • selections from Institutes of Christian Religion by John Calvin

  • other selected primary sources

  • other selected historical interpretations

Major Assignments:

  • DBQ – released DBQ on The Peasants Revolt

  • Thematic Essay – Causation and the Reformation

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.



Unit 3: Absolutism & Constitutionalism

 

Week 7- 9

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • Constitutionalism in England

  • Impact of Elizabeth I

  • Conflict in Stuart England

  • Puritans and Constitutionalism

  • Constitutionalism in the Netherlands

  • Dutch Golden Age

  • French Absolutism from Louis XIII to Louis XIV

  • Absolutism of Louis XIV

  • Russian and Prussian Absolutism

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapter 5

  • English Bill of Rights

  • The Petition of Right, 1628

  • Selected works of art – Dutch Golden Age

 

  • Edit of Nantes by Henry IV of France

 

  • selections from Edicts and Decrees: Imposing Western Styles and on the Russians by Peter the Great

  • Jean Bodin – on Absolutism

Major Assignments:

  • DBQ – released DBQ on Louis XIV and released DBQ on Elizabeth I

  • Art Analysis – Students will analyze works of art for the influences of constitutionalism and absolutism.  Students will work in cooperative groups to analyze 5 works of art from the period and create a critique from the point of view of absolutism and constitutionalism.  

  • Research Project – Students will research assigned topics related to the role of women and social classes in the Period of constitutionalism and absolutism.  Students will interpret primary and secondary sources and incorporate primary sources into a student created lesson on assigned topics.

  • Thematic Essay – Role of Conflict in development of Constitutionalism and Absolutism

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.




Unit 4: Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, & Commercial Revolution

Weeks 10 - 12

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • Scientific Revolution and its impact on social and political thought

  • Atlantic Triangular Trade, Populations and Agricultural Change

 

  • Witch Craze

  • Origins of the Enlightenment

  • Enlightenment Philosophy

  • Enlightened Despotism

  • Role of Women in Enlightenment

  • Absolutism in the Age of Enlightenment
  • Baroque Art
  • Mercantilism
  • Spanish Colonial System
  • 18th Century Wars

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapters 6, 8 & 9

  • Images of Scientific Revolution – perceptions of change

  • Immanuel Kant – What is Enlightenment?

  • John Locke – Excerpt – Second Treatise on Civil Government

  • Locke – Excerpt – An Essay on Human Understanding

  • Condorcet – Human Progress

  • Jean Jacques Rousseau – Discourse On Inequality and excerpts from Social Contract

  • Baron de Montesquieu – Spirit of the Laws, excerpts from Persian Letters

  • Cesare Beccaria – On Crime and Punishment

  • Voltaire – Treatise on Toleration

  • Thomas Paine – Deism

  • Catherine II – excerpts

  • selections from witch trials in Scandinavia and Central Europe

 

  • Bodin, Jean – “On Punishment of Witches”

Major Assignments:

  • Creating a DBQ- Students will use primary source documents analyzed in unit to create a DBQ prompt with document selections and headings.  Students will create a rubric for their DBQ and outline DBQ’s created by other student groups.

  • Document Analysis – Students will engage in extensive document analysis through which they will define the key values of the Enlightenment as it relates to the law of nature, social relationships, religion, and government. Students will develop a comparative study of Enlightenment philosophers.

  • Thematic Essay – Students will construct an essay in which they establish the most revolutionary change introduced in the Enlightenment.

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.



 

Unit 5: The French Revolution, Napoleonic Era, & Conservative Order

Weeks 13 - 15

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • French Revolution – Noble Revolt at Estates General

  • French Revolution – Bourgeoisie Revolt on Tennis Court

  • French Revolution – Peasant Revolt in the Great Fear and Fall of Bastille

  • Role of National Assembly

  • Transition to Legislative Assembly

  • Rise of Robespierre and Reign of Terror

  • Thermidorian Reaction and Directory

  • Rise of Napoleon
  • Napoleonic Empire
  • Romantic Art
  • Europe's Response
  • Romantic Movement
  • Conservative Order
  • Nationalism and Liberalism
  • Age of Metternich and Balance of Power

  • European Politics in Age of Metternich
  • Latin American Revolution

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapters 10, 11 & 12

  • Tennis Court Oath

  • Emmanuel Sieyes – “What is the Third Estate?”

  • Decree Abolishing Serfdom

  • Images of Napoleon
  • selections from The Third Estate Speaks by Cahier de Doleances
  • On the Taking of the Bastille and its Aftermath, 1789 by Edward Rigby
  • Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, by French National Assembly
  • selections from The Napoleonic Code, by Napoleon Bonaparte
  • The Vindication of the Rights of Woman, by Mary Wollstonecraft
  • A Black Revolutionary Leader in Haiti, Francois Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture
  • Map Analysis – Age of Napoleon v. Age of Metternich

Major Assignments:

  • DBQ –released DBQ on change and the French Revolution

  • Document Analysis – Students will engage in extensive document analysis through which they will define the key values of the French Revolution as it relates to the relationship of government and its people, including the role of woman in the governing process with a special emphasis on the point of view/bias of each author.  Students will also work to group the documents in to like area and explain why they grouped the documents in the fashion that they did.

  • Thematic Essay – Students will construct an essay in which they establish the long term effects of the French Revolution on the whole of Europe.

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.

 

 

Unit 6: Industrial Revolution and New Imperialism

Weeks 16 - 18

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • Agricultural Revolution

 

  • Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

  • Impact of Industrial Revolution on Society and Politics

 

  • Growth of Cities

  • Industrial Society

 

  • Labor Force and Woman

 

  • Crime in the 1800's

 

  • Modernization of Russia

  • Rise of Radicalism

  • Changing Social Patterns in Europe

  • Changing Economic Trends

  • France in 1830 and 1848

  • Modern Colonization in Africa
  • New Imperialism
  • Science and Imperialism

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapters 7, 13 & 17

  • Chartist Movement – selected excerpts

  • Karl Marx – excerpts from Das Kapital and Communist Manifesto
  • Thomas Malthus - experts from An Essay on the Principle of Population
  • Frederich Engles - experts from The Condition of the Working Class in England
  • Selected images of Child Labor in England
  • Selected images of the Growth of Cities in Industrialized Europe
  • Mark Twain - exerts from King Leopold's Soliloquy
  • Sir Henry Morton Stanley - exerts from European Imperialism in Africa
  • Map Analysis – Africa in 1850 vs. Africa 1914

  • Graph/Data Analysis – changes in family, marriage and work patterns

Major Assignments:

  • DBQ –released on African Colonization  

  • Reader’s Theater – Students will research assigned topics including Changing Life of Europeans 1750 – 1850, Industrial Revolution for the Masses, Conservatism v. Radicalism, African Exploitation v. I.R need for resources, and Life in Urban Europe.  Students will interpret primary and secondary sources and incorporate primary sources into a student created and performed reader’s theater. Point of View and Grouping of sources will be a special emphasis for this assignment.

  • Thematic Essay – Students will construct an essay in which they assess the impact of the Industrial Revolution on democratic movements in Europe.

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.



Unit 7: 19th Century Nation States & 19th Century Society

Weeks 19 - 20

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • Crimean War

  • German Unification

  • Italian Unification

  • Rise of Nationalism and Impact on Eastern Europe

  • Napoleon III and France

  • Industrialization and Nationalism in Russia

 

  • Austrian and Prussian Development
  • Liberal Reform in Great Britain
  • 19th Century Population Trends
  • The Second Industrial Revolution
  • Rise of the Middle Class
  • Woman and Minorities in the 19th Century
  • Labor and Politics in the 19th Century
  • Rise of Literacy
  • Darwin and Science
  • 19th Century Art
  • Woman in 19th Century Europe

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapters 14, 15 & 16

  • selected speeches/writings of Bismarck

  • Italian Unification – propaganda

  • Rudyard Kipling – White Man’s Burden and excerpts from Jungle Book
  • Virginia Woolf - experts from A Room of One's Own
  • Emile Zola - experts from J Accuse
  • Sir Edward Chadwick - experts from Inquiry into the Sanitary condition of the Poor
  • Clara Zetkin - experts from Women's Work and the Trade
  • Charles Darwin - exerts from The Descent of Man
  • Images of 19th Century Art Impressionism and Cubism

Major Assignments:

  • DBQ – one released on Working Conditions in the 19th Century

  • Wall Web – students will transform one wall of the classroom into a concept web illustrating the impact of the Industrialization on art, culture, and politics grouping like elements.

  • Thematic Essay – Students will construct an essay in which they assess the impact of German and Italian Unification on Europe.

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.



Unit 8: World War I and the Russian Revolution

Weeks 21 -22

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • Conflict and Western Imperialism

  • Systems of Alliances in Europe

  • Origins of World War I

  • Social Impact of World War I

  • Changing Conceptions of War

  • Russian Revolution

  • Treaty of Versailles

Reading Assignment:

·         The Western Heritage – Chapter 18

 

·         Wilhelm II (Germany) and Nicholas II (Russia) - The "Willy-Nicky" Telegrams

 

  • Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg - Telegram to the German Ambassador at Vienna

  • Erich Maria Remarque – All Quiet on the Western Front

  • Helena Swanwick - The War and its effect on Woman

 

  • Vladimir Lenin – selected excerpts

  • Woodrow Wilson – Fourteen Points

 

  • Evaluation of World War I Propaganda

  • A Defeated Germany Contemplates the Peace Treaty

Major Assignments:

  • DBQ – one released DBQ on Alsace-Lorraine in the WWI Era.

  • Revolution Defined – Students will create a flow chart of the Russian Revolution providing analysis of the Russian Revolution through the application of Crane Brinton’s “anatomy of a revolution”.

  • Wall Web – students will transform one wall of the classroom into a concept web illustrating the impact of WWI on philosophy, art, religion, culture, and politics in Europe during the period.

  • Thematic Essay – Students will construct an essay in which they assess the impact of Russian Revolution on political stability in Russia.

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.



Unit 9: Between Wars and World War II

Weeks 23 -25

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • New States in Eastern Europe

 

  • Effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany

  • Disillusionment of 1920’s

  • Rise and Fall of Democracies

  • Great Depression in Europe

  • Rise of Totalitarianism

  • Stalin and the USSR

 

  • Nazi Expansion and Rise of War

  • Appeasement

  • WWII

 

  • The Holocaust

 

  • The Atlantic Charter

  • Origins of Cold War

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapters 19 & 20

  • Munich Pact

  • Non-Aggression Pact

  • Soviet Propaganda Posters 1941 - 1945

 

  • Adolf Hitler - Mein Kampf : The Art of Propaganda

 

  • The Nuremberg Laws: Nazi Racial Legislation

 

  • Winston Churchill – selected radio speeches

 

  • Joseph Stalin - An Interview with H. G. Wells Marxism and Liberalism

  • Selected conferences – Yalta, Tehran, Casablanca, Moscow

Major Assignments:

  • Creating a DBQ- Students will use primary source documents analyzed in the unit to create a DBQ prompt with document selections and headings.  Students will also create a grading rubric for the DBQ.

  • Propaganda Analysis – Students will analyze propaganda from World War II, discerning the meaning and point of views of each artist and author.

  • Thematic Essay – Role of the Treaty of Versailles in the rise of Hitler and Mussolini

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.



Unit 10: Modern Europe 1950 – present

Weeks 26 -28

Major Topics of Discussion:

  • Emergence of a Divided Europe

  • Western European Unity (from the EEC to the EU)

  • Reemergence of Western Europe

  • Changing Social Patterns in Europe: East and West

  • Cold War Conflicts

  • Decolonization

  • Post-Stalin USSR

  • Women’s Movement in Europe

  • Immigration to Europe

  • Decline of Communism

  • Revolutions of 1989

  • Art and Technology

 

  • Current Issues in Europe

Reading Assignment:

  • The Western Heritage – Chapters 21 & 22

  • George C Marshall - An American Plan to Rebuild a Shattered Europe

 

  • Winston Churchill – Iron Curtain Speech

  • Images – Division of Europe

  • Demographic Statistics – Comparison of East and West

 

  • Simone De Beauvoir - The Second Sex: Existential Feminism

  • Selected Speeches – Modern European Leaders

Major Assignments:

  • DBQ – one released DBQ on Cold War/Post WWII politics

  • Thematic Essay – Students will construct an essay in which they analyze the social, economic, and political problems facing one former Soviet Bloc nation.

  • Unit Exam – Students will complete a unit exam that incorporates released AP questions and timed free response essays from released exams.